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WEEKLY NEWS - ISSUE of 25/04/96 -  PART 1/


* Afrique. Enfants sacrifies
Selon le rapporteur special des Nations unies sur les enfants dans
les conflits armes, Mme Graca Machel, epouse de Samora Machel,
l'ancien president de la Republique du Mozambique, deux millions
d'enfants ont ete tues dans les conflits armes des dix dernieres
annees et cinq millions d'autres enfants ont ete mutiles par les
armes aveugles et les mines antipersonnels. Et encore aujourd'hui,
meme apres la fin des conflits, environ 110 millions de mines
disseminees dans soixante-neuf pays continuent a tuer et a mutiler.
En precisant que plus de douze millions d'enfants ont ete separes
de leur famille ou sont orphelins, Mme Machel denonce les
traumatismes physiques et mentaux dont sont victimes les enfants.
Les causes de ces traumatismes sont a rechercher dans les combats,
mais aussi dans les persecutions racistes ou religieuses, comme en
ex-Yougoslavie et au Rwanda. Mme Machel place l'adoption d'un
protocole additionnel a la convention de l'ONU sur les droits de
l'enfant -- fixant a dix-huit ans au lieu de quinze l'age minimum
de la mobilisation dans l'armee -- parmi les priorites de la
communaute internationale. Le phenomene des enfants soldats est de
plus en plus grandissant et particulierement frappant dans des
conflits internes des pays du tiers-monde.
(D'apres I.V., Le Monde, France 23 avril 1996)

* Afrique de l'Ouest. Le franc CFA lie a l'euro
Le franc CFA et le franc comorien seront lies a la monnaie unique
europeenne comme ils le sont au franc francais, lorsque l'euro se
substituera a celui-ci, a indique le communique publie, jeudi 18
avril, a N'Djamena (Tchad), a l'issue de la reunion des ministres
des finances des pays de la zone franc. Les ministres francais Jean
Arthuis et Jacques Godfrain ont rassure les pays africains sur les
consequences du passage a la monnaie unique: les accords existant
entre la France et les pays de la zone franc sont compatibles avec
le traite de Maastricht, et la France ne se desengage pas. "Demain
comme aujourd'hui, nos mecanismes de cooperation monetaire pourront
demeurer exactement semblables", a declare M. Arthuis. Par
ailleurs, les ministres ont souhaite que "tous les mecanismes
soient mis en oeuvre pour que la dette des pays les plus pauvres
n'entrave pas leur developpement".
(D'apres Le Monde, France, 20 avril 1996)

* Angola. Five year agricultural plan
It was announced on 17 April that Angola will spend 12 million US
dollars on the implementation of the agricultural and animal
husbandry development plan for the period 1996-2000. A press
release issued by the Angolan Ministry of Agriculture said the plan
was aimed at accelerating the recovery of agricultural and animal
husbandry production in the war-torn southern African country.
During the implementation of the plan, milk production in the
southern province of Huila, central provinces of Kwanza-Sud and
Huambo, and the northern province of Bengo will be resumed. Also
meat production in the northern province of Gamabatela will be
recovered. Under the plan, vets in the country will also be trained
to increase their ability.
(AFJN, Washington, 22 April 1996)

* Angola. The Lusaka Protocol
Amnesty International has issued an 18-page document with the
title: "Angola. The Lusaka Protocol: what prospect for human
rights?" The report examines the human rights provisions of the
Lusaka Protocol. (Signed by the Angolan government and UNITA on 20
November 1994 in Lusaka, Zambia). It describes the context of the
peace agreement and documents some of the human rights abuses
committed since November 1994. The report also recommends practical
measures that could and should be taken by the parties to the
conflict and by the UN to bring the abuses to an end. There is
growing impatience by the UN with the slow process of the peace
process. There is a risk that the UN will pull out of Angola unless
real advances are made between now and 8 May, when the Mission of
the United Nations in Angola (UNAVEM III)'s mandate comes under
review. If that happens, the prospects for peace and human rights
in Angola will be set back for a long time to come.
(Amnesty International, 10 April 1996)

* Burundi. Humanitarian situation
14 April: The Commander of the 3rd Commando Batallion of the
National Army is killed in Gitega. 16 April: The FRODEBU
parliamentary group issues a statement in which it condemns
massacres by both the rebels and the national armed forces. It
insists on the need for negotiations between all parties in the
conflict, thus challenging UPRONA's refusal to deal with the armed
rebels, and calling into question its continued support for the
Convention on Government. 16-20 April: The special envoy of the
European Union for the Great Lakes region, Mr Aiello, visits
Burundi. He calls for a negotiated solution to the crisis. 18
April: All UN and humanitarian agencies working in Gitega Province
leave. 21 April: Burundi's radio says that armed gunmen have killed
20 villagers, many of them women and children, and set several
homes on fire in southern Burundi. The attack in Rutovu commune in
Bururi province occurred on the night of 19 April, says the
broadcast which was monitored in Kenya. The radio report does not
identify the raiders. But extremist Hutus have stepped up attacks
in souther Burundi in recent months.
(ANB-BIA, Brussels, 23 April 1996)

* Burundi. Au fil des jours
19 avril -- Le Zaire reduit le personnel diplomatique au consulat
burundais de Bukavu. En reponse, le Burundi ferme le consulat
zairois de Rumonge. 20 avril -- Le colonel Nzayimana Dieudonne est
tue d'un coup de pistolet au coeur sur le terrain de basket du
ministere de la Jeunesse. Nomme par feu le president Ndadaye au
service informations de la gendarmerie, il avait participe a
plusieurs enquetes "brulantes". Originaire de Gitega, il etait
considere comme "modere". Pendant la nuit on a tue M. Gahungu
Gerard, Hutu, depute du Frodebu. On recoit les premiers chiffres
des victimes a Gitega: on parle de 1.000 morts en une semaine. La
Croix-Rouge a ferme son siege de Gitega. Dans le sud, dans la
province de Bururi, on parle d'au moins 70 civils massacres,
surtout des vieillards, des femmes et des enfants. Il s'agirait
d'extremistes hutu recrutes, selon les habitants, parmi les
Rwandais hutu refugies au Zaire. Dans une lettre au president de la
Republique, l'Uprona demande, entre autres, de fermer les ecoles
pendant trois mois pour permettre aux eleves de s'entrainer "aux
techniques de la defense", de mettre partout des gouverneurs
militaires et de rappeler tous les reservistes. 22 avril -- On
donne maintenant pour certain que Nyangoma s'est fait musulman; il
s'appellerait El Rasid et serait lie aux musulmans libanais qui
sont au Zaire pour les comptoirs de l'or. Un groupe de seminaristes
de Bubanza a ete kidnappe, mais nous n'avons pas plus de details.
24 avril -- Les delegues des divers partis se trouvent a Mwanza,
Tanzanie, pour le sommet organise par Nyerere.
(ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 22 avril 1996)

* Cameroon. Salim Ahmed Salim visits Cameroon
The Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU),
Salim Ahmed Salim, was in Cameroon on a five-day mission from 30
March to 3 April. He was here to evaluate Cameroon's preparations
for hosting the 32nd OAU Summit scheduuled to take place from 8-10
July 1996 in Yaounde, capital of Cameroon. During his stay, he
visited the Congress Centre, the proposed venue for the event, and
met with Opposition leaders and with President Paul Biya. Previous
to this visit, two other OAU delegations had visited Cameroon since
the last summit held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is said that the
Secretary General was very pre-occupied with the security
arrangements. Another area of concern was the threat to call a
"Ghost Town" operation throughout the country by the two main
opposition parties, the Social Democratic Front (SDF) led by Ni
John Fru Ndi, and the National Union for Development and Progress
(UNDP), led by Bouba Bello Maigairi, from May onwards.
(Evaristus Chofor Fonkah, Cameroon, 16 April 1996)

* Centrafrique. Mutinerie, la France est la
Des affrontements armes ont eclate vendredi dans le centre de
Bangui entre les soldats qui se sont mutines, jeudi 18 avril, et la
Securite presidentielle, restee loyale au gouvernement. Des unites
francaises stationnees dans la capitale s'y sont deployees pour
assurer la securite des ressortissant francais et etrangers. Le
president centrafricain, Ange-Felix Patasse, qui se trouvait
vendredi apres-midi dans sa residence, a assure que "les mutins ne
seront pas poursuivis". Le ministre de l'administration du
territoire, Dieudonne Kiandji, a accuse les syndicats d'avoir tente
"d'attiser la colere des soldats", et estime que le Conseil
democratique des partis d'opposition (Copedo) avait cherche a
profiter de la situation. Depuis de nombreux mois, se multipliaient
les manifestations de fonctionnaires reclamant le paiement de leurs
arrieres de salaires, mais c'etait la premiere fois que des
militaires se joignaient au mouvement. La Republique centrafricaine
est l'un des pays du continent ou la France maintient un important
detachement militaire, et constitue la base la plus importante de
l'armee francaise en Afrique apres Djibouti.
(ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 22 avril 1996)

* Djibouti. Eritrea accused of territorial designs
On 18 April, Djibouti accused Eritrea of harbouring designs on its
territory following a border clash. Foreign Minister Mohamed Mussa
Chehem told diplomats that Eritrean troops fired on Djiboutian
soldiers on 16 April at a border outpost but there were no
casualties. Eritrea denied there had been a clash. Djibouti
President Hassan Gouled Aptidon flew on 17 April over the north by
helicopter and landed at Ras Doumeira, where the clash allegedly
took place and was briefed by an army commander. Chehem said
Eritrean Foreign Minister Petros Solomon on a visit to Djibouti on
17 April had handed President Gouled a copy of the new Eritrean map
that put part of Djibouti in Eritrea. Chehem said Eritrea was
claiming a 496 square km stretch of northern Djibouti between the
Red Sea outpost of Ras Doumeira and Moulouhle, called Dar Elwa by
the Eritreans.
(AFJN, Washington, 22 April 1996)

* Droits de l'homme. Pas de mutilations des filles
La Commission des droits de l'homme de l'ONU a condamne mercredi 24
avril les mutilations sexuelles infligees aux fillettes dans
certaines societes traditionnelles comme une des nombreuses
violences dont sont victimes les enfants dans le monde. Une
resolution sur les droits de l'enfant demande aux gouvernements de
prendre des mesures urgentes pour empecher les enfants des rues,
dont le nombre ne cesse d'augmenter, d'etre assassines, tortures ou
victimes de violences. Elle les invite a combattre le tourisme
sexuel, l'exploitation du travail force de millions d'enfants dans
le monde, l'utilisation des enfants dans les conflits, la vente
d'enfants, la prostitution et la pornographie enfantines.
(Le Soir, Belgique, 25 avril 1996)

* Egypt. Tourists massacred
18 April: Four gunmen shoot dead 17 mostly elderly Greek tourists
and an Egyptian man at a Cairo hotel. Fifteen other tourists are
wounded, three critically in the bloodiest attack in Egypt since
trouble flared between the government and militant Islamists. So
far, no one has claimed responsibility, but the attack is widely
believed to have been carried out by a Muslim militant group. The
Greek tourists are on an Easter visit of the Holy Land sites and
had arrived from Jerusalem. They had just finished breakfast and
were about to board a bus to Alexandria when the massacre began.
After the attack, the gunmen drove off on a side-road. 19 April:
Cairo is effectively cordoned off from the rest of the country as
security forces search for the gunmen. Police are believed to have
made 12 arrests.
(ANB-BIA, Brussels, 20 April 1996)

* Ghana. Proposed amendments to the Constitution
Come 15 May, when Parliament reconvenes from an eight-week recess,
high on its agenda for its second meeting of the year, will be the
Executive's proposal for eleven constitutional amendments. These
cover provisions for dual citizenship, gratuities for Members of
Parliament, ratification of international business transactions,
the holding of by-elections after the death of a Member of
Parliament, the status of paramilitary institutions such as the
police, prison services etc., compulsory retirement age for civil
servants. High on the list of amendments will be the involvement of
Chiefs in party politics and the removal of the Chairmanship of the
constitutionally established councils of the Armed Forces, Police
and Prisons service, from the Vice-President.
(Albert Quainoo, Ghana, 15 April 1996)

* Liberia. The siege of the Barclay Barracks
16 April: The combined forces of Alhaji Kromah and Charles Taylor
attack Barclay Training Centre Barracks in Monrovia, where
thousands of Krahns have taken refuge. 17 April: New fighting
breaks out briefly around the Barclay Barracks. It's reported that
cholera has now broken out within the barracks. 18 April: Hundreds
of Krahn militia (supporters of Roosevelt Johnson) are still
besieged inside the Barclay Barracks. 19 April: The various militia
groups agree to a cease-fire. 78 foreign hostages are freed from
the Barclay Barracks. New talks are agreed on for tomorrow. 21
April: A further 71 foreign hostages are freed from Barclay
Barracks together with 56 Liberians. ECOMOG solders patrol
Monrovia's streets.
(ANB-BIA, Brussels, 21 April 1996)

* Liberia. Cessez-le-feu et liberation d'otages
Selon le plan propose par la presidence collegiale liberienne et
accepte vendredi 19 avril par les dirigeants de la communaute
krahn, les factions de Charles Taylor et Alhaji Kromah, tous deux
membres de la presidence collegiale, doivent mettre un terme a
l'encerclement du camp Barclay, tandis que les Krahns doivent
liberer toutes les personnes retenues. La radio d'Etat a confirme
l'assassinat du chef d'etat-major des FAL, le general Mohamed
Doumuyan: il s'est fait "tirer dans le dos" par des combattants
d'une faction krahn, alors qu'il tentait de negocier la liberation
des etrangers pris en otages. Cholera et diarrhees sevissent, tous
les stocks de medicaments ont ete pilles, et les medecins des
organisations humanitaires ont du abandonner les hopitaux pour leur
securite. Une delegation americaine etait attendue lundi soir en
provenance de Washington, avec une enveloppe contenant jusqu'a 30
millions de dollars, en vue de sceller le cessez-le-feu.
(ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 23 avril 1996)

* Mali et Niger. Interdiction de Hadj.
Les ressortissants du Mali et du Niger sont toujours interdits de
hadj (pelerinage) aux lieux saints de l'islam, la Mecque et Medine,
en raison de la decision de l'Arabie saoudite d'interdire son
territoire aux fideles venant de pays africains touches par une
epidemie de meningite cerebro-spinale.
(Liberation, France, 21 avril 1996)
* Nigeria. The "subversive" Sultan
On 21 April, Nigeria announced a new Sultan of Sokoto, Mohammed
Maccido, after General Sani Abacha's military government sacked and
detained his predecessor, Alhaji Ibrahim Dasuki. The dramatic
ousting of Sultan Dasuki is probably the most significant of
General Abacha's attacks on the Nigerian establishment. The
sultanate is the highest spiritual authority for Nigeria's more
than 50 million Muslims. The state governor, Colonel Yakubu Muazi,
says Sultan Dasuki was removed for failing to respect
"constitutional authority" and engaging in "subversive activities".
The Sultan is due to face a tribunal investigating Nigeria's failed
banks. Until he was appointed Sultan in 1996, he chaired the
Nigerian subsidiary of the failed Bank of Credit and Commerce
International (BCCI) and was sharply criticised in a US
congressional report on the BCCI.
(The Guardian, U.K., 22 April 1996)

* Nigeria. Destitution de Alhaji Ibrahim Dasuki
La plus haute autorite de l'islam au Nigeria, Alhaji Ibrahim
Dasuki, soixante-treize ans, president du Conseil supreme des
affaires islamiques, a ete destitue samedi 20 avril par le regime
militaire et envoye en exil interieur, a l'autre bout du pays, pres
de la frontiere camerounaise. Son successeur, Alhaji Mohamed
Maccido, prince et homme d'affaire, sultan de Sokoto, a ete nomme,
dimanche 22 avril. La determination du general Sani Abacha n'a pas
ete flechie par l'influence d'Alhaji Ibrahim sur nombre de cercles
politiques et religieux. Un des reproches que la junte militaire
aurait fait a l'ancien sultan serait d'avoir discute de questions
diplomatiques sans l'aval du gouvernement, en delicatesse avec la
communaute internationale a cause du coup d'Etat du general Abacha
en 1994 et de la repression politique qui a suivi. Le pouvoir
aurait egalement reclame des comptes au riche sultan sur
l'utilisation de fonds recus de l'etranger pour la construction de
mosquees. D'autre part, le fils du sultan, le lieutenant Sambo
Dasuki, a ete accuse d'etre un des cerveaux du coup d'Etat manque
de mars 1995. Sambo Dasuki, en fuite, est depuis recherche.
(D'apres Le Monde, France, 23 avril 1996)

* Rwanda. L'ONU quitte le pays
Les derniers Casques bleus ont quitte Kigali en fin de semaine.
Deux ans et demi de presence, qui n'ont empeche ni le troisieme
genocide du siecle, ni permis le retour d'environ 1,7 millions de
Rwandais refugies dans les pays voisins. Le demenagement de la
MINUAR s'est termine sur une ultime fausse note. Le gouvernement
rwandais refuse le materiel que la force onusienne propose de
laisser sur place -- des vehicules, des ordinateurs, des
generateurs et des prefabriques d'une valeur totale de 8,5 millions
de dollars. Du materiel pourri, selon Claude Dusaidi, conseiller
politique du vice-president, Paul Kagame. Il accuse egalement l'ONU
de devoir au pays plus de 2 millions de dollars d'impots, loyers et
primes au personnel local. Les autorites de Kigali ne pardonnent
pas aux Casques bleus d'avoir ete incapables d'empecher le genocide
de 1994. La Minuar qui comptait alors 2.600 hommes n'a pas reagi
aux premiers massacres puis, apres l'assassinat de dix Casques
bleus belges, a ramene ses effectifs a 270, laissant le Rwanda a
une tragedie qui a fait pres d'un million de morts.
(D'apres M.-L.C., Liberation, France, 20 avril 1996)

* Rwanda. UN chief pulls out
As the last commander and last member of the United Nations forces
in Rwanda pulled out on 19 April, a UN envoy arrived to defuse rows
with the government about a UN office and equipment left behind by
the peacekeepers. Brigadier-General Siva Kumar, from India, and
five bodyguards flew out on a transport plane to Nairobi, the last
UNAMIR (UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda). "We did a good job here
under very difficult circumstances. I am proud of what the troops
achieved", he said. Marrack Goulding, the UN envoy, arrived shortly
after and said he was confident of persuading the Rwandan
government to accept a small UN political office and end a row over
equipment left behind by UNAMIR.
(The Guardian, U.K., 20 April 1996)

* Sierra Leone. Mad Cow Disease scares Sierra Leoneans
The Ministry of Health in Sierra Leone has warned his countrymen
against buying imported meat. The Ministry also advises businessmen
to avoid taking the risk of importing meat into the country which
has not been approved by the Ministry. The Ministry's stance comes
in the wake of persistent rumours circulating in the country that
some businessmen are now importing British meat into the country.
The Mad Cow Disease that has plagued Britain has scared many West
Africans who fear it may spread within the sub region through
imported meat.
(Alpha R. Jalloh, Sierra Leone, 18 April 1996)

* Sierra Leone. The Pope honours ten Sierra Leoneans
Ten Sierra Leoneans have received honourary awards from Pope John
Paul II. The Archbishop of Freetown and Bo, Most Rev Dr. Joseph
Ganda, presented the Papal awards amid celebrations marking his
episcopal silver jubilee. The awards "Pro Ecclesia et Pontifica"
were made to members of the Catholic laity through the Apostolic
Delegation in Sierra Leone, in recognition of the roles they have
played in their different professions. It was also in recognition
of their faith and loyalty to the Church; their services to the
society and parish in which they live and work. Awards were also
made for educational, social, civil, medical and archdiocesan
services.
(Alpha R. Jalloh, Sierra Leone, 18 April 1996)

* Somalie. Combats meurtriers
Des combats a l'arme lourde entre milices rivales se sont
poursuivis depuis vendredi 19 avril jusqu'a samedi, dans le sud de
Mogadiscio, faisant au moins 30 morts et 76 blesses. Les
accrochages opposent les miliciens du "chef de guerre" Mohamed
Farah Aidid a ceux de son ancien allie devenu rival, Osman Hassan
Ali "Atto". L'enjeu des combats semble etre le controle de la route
reliant Mogadiscio au sud du pays. La Somalie, sans gouvernement
depuis la chute du president Siad Barre en 1991, est livree aux
querelles de pouvoir des chefs de guerre qu'une intervention de
l'ONU n'etait pas parvenue a reconcilier. Les combats entre
factions ont fait pres de 30.000 morts et blesses en Somalie, et
largement detruit la capitale, toujours divisee entre le sud, a
nouveau livre aux combats, et le nord de la ville, pacifie.
(D'apres AFP, France, 22 avril 1996)<W0>

* South Africa. Tutu: "Healing begins"
On 18 April, Archbishop Desmond Tutu closed the first session of
South Africa's Truth Commission saying the four days of chilling
testimony had set the country on the path to healing. The last of
28 victims of the apartheid race war to testify in the East London
hearings, African National Congress member Joe Jordan, told the
Commission of a torture session in September 1985 that left him
with permanent spinal damage. Several other victims (black and
white) testified against torture and suffering endured by
themselves or members of their families during the apartheid
period. The intention of the Commission is to compile a history of
apartheid, provide catharsis for victims and induce wrongdoers to
confess. It has powers to grant indemnity from prosecution. At the
end of Jordan's testimony, Tutu led a standing ovation in honour of
all the victims who came forward, including three white civilians
who were wounded in attacks by black guerrillas.
(AFJN, Washington, 22 April 1996)

* Swaziland. Belt-tightening exercise
Former Swazi Premier, Prince Bhekimpi Dlamini, who is now a member
of the Senate, says the belt-tightening exercise to curb the
country's growing deficit should begin by deducting a certain
percentage of all Parliamentarians' income. This, he says, will
give a good example to the general public that Swaziland means
business. He says that this percentage should also be deducted from
all Cabinet ministers, principal secretaries and all other senior
government officials, before the exercise is extended to civil
servants. The former Premier was speaking in the Senate on 22
April. He was supported by another Senator, Senator Metsio, who
said that if he could have his way, he would request that
travelling and sitting allowances given to Members should be
suspended for the time being. Meanwhile, the Swaziland National
Association of Civil Servants (SNACS) has responded with alarm over
the suggestion to suspend increments due to civil servants. SNACS's
president, Mr Magwagwa Mdluli says that salary negotiations between
his organisation and the government are going smoothly and three
sessions of negotiations have already taken place.
(Sifiso Zwane, Swaziland, 23 April 1996)

* Zaire. Elections en mai 1997
La Commission nationale des elections a fixe a mai '97
l'organisation des elections presidentielles et legislatives. Les
scrutins regionaux auront lieu en juin et les municipales en
juillet de la meme annee. Le texte, qui prevoit un recensement
electoral en novembre et un referendum constitutionnel en decembre
96, doit encore etre approuve par le Parlement provisoire. Le
marechal Mobutu Sese Seko, au pouvoir depuis trente ans, est
candidat a sa propre succession. Aucune autre personnalite
marquante ne s'est encore declaree, mais le depot des candidatures
n'aura lieu qu'en fevrier 1997.
(D'apres La Libre Belgique, 19 avril 1996)

* Zaire. Visite privee de Mobutu a Paris
Le president zairois Mobutu Sese Seko, arrive le 22 avril au
Bourget, a ete discretement recu le 24 par Jacques Chirac. "Visite
privee", assure-t-on prudemment au Quai d'Orsay. Apres la visite du
Premier ministre chinois Li Peng, il y a une dizaine de jours,
celle du president Mobutu a des chances d'etre consideree comme un
quitus de plus a des regimes qui ne brillent pas par leur respect
des droits de l'homme. "Le secret de cette visite montre a quel
point Jacques Chirac en sent lui-meme le caractere insupportable",
denonce Me Henri Leclerc, president de la Ligue des droits de
l'homme, qui demande que "la France clarifie sa politique
africaine". MM. Mobutu et Chirac se sont entretenus des elections
au Zaire, prevues debut 1997, et de la situation des camps de
refugies au Zaire. Les visites de M. Mobutu restent discretes. Et
pour ses messages personnels, Jacques Chirac prefere envoyer ses
emissaires au Zaire.
(ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 25 avril 1996)

* Zimbabwe. Mugabe harassment claim
On 18 April, an independent member of the Zimbabwean parliament,
Margaret Dongo, said she and her supporters had been harassed by
police on the orders of President Robert Mugabe's ruling party.
Three of her supporters were picked up on 17 April, and at least
one of them was beaten. Others received orders to turn themselves
in.
(The Guardian, U.K., 19 April 1996


COUNTRY