ANB-BIA - Av. Ch. Woeste 184 - Brussels, Belgium Fax **.32.2-420 05 49 E-Mail paco@innet.be ================================================ WEEKLY NEWS - ISSUE of 15/05/96 - PART 1/ * Africa/China. Trade issues high on talks 8 May: Chinese President Jiang Zemin arrives in Kenya at the start of a six-nation African tour, the first ever undertaken by a Chinese head of state. Trade issues are likely to figure prominently in talks between Jiang and his Kenyan counterpart, Daniel arap Moi, a senior Chinese Embassy official says. Jiang's two-week itinerary has been chosen with extreme care, African diplomats say, and with an eye on blocking any further successes for Taiwan's "sugar-coated" diplomacy. 11 May: President Jiang arrives in Ethiopia for a three-day state visit. 13 May: China and Ethiopia sign two agreements on promoting trade, economic and technological cooperation. (ANB-BIA, Brussels, 14 May 1996) * South Africa. Counselling centres The Catholic bishops of Southern Africa have set up centres where victims of apartheid can receive counselling and record their stories for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Father Sean O'Leary, head of the Justice and Peace Department of the Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference in Pretoria says: "We serve many needs, from counselling to helping people fill in the forms properly. We want ordinary people to feel that this is their Commission." (The Southern Cross, South Africa, 5 May 1996) * South Africa. Truth Commission What takes place at Commission hearings? The following are some of the subjects covered from 6-8 May. Truth Commission urges Afrikaners to repent and confess; Women tell Truth Commission of missing ANC exiles; KwaZulu police under spotlight at Durban Truth hearings; The Truth body hears of Kwamashu family massacre; Truth Commission hears of murder squad conspiracy; Truth body to hear testimony on murder of Stompie Seipie; Truth body hears of torture techniques; mother of hanged ANC bomber wants death certificate; judiciary under fire at Truth hearing. (Editor's note: On 10 May, the Commission wound up a month of harrowing hearings.) (Truth Commission Summary, South Africa, 8 May 1996) * Afrique du Sud. Les Afrikaners sont mecontents Un nombre croissant de Blancs reprochent au Parti national (NP) de ne pas s'etre oppose a la remise en cause de plus en plus marquee des interets acquis au temps de l'apartheid. La politique de rattrapage racial dans l'emploi est une des premieres causes de ce mecontentement. Elle a coute a de nombreux Blancs des postes qui leur etaient reserves sous le regime de segregation raciale. L'arrivee massive d'eleves noirs dans les ecoles reservees auparavant aux Blancs a ete mal acceptee. Le NP n'a pas obtenu la garantie de l'existence des ecoles afrikaners dans la nouvelle Constitution. La reduction de l'usage de l'afrikaans a la television est un autre symbole d'une volonte de revanche de la majorite noire, aux yeux d'une partie de la population blanche. Le debut des travaux de la commission chargee d'examiner les crimes de l'apartheid a renforce ce sentiment. (Le Monde, France, 11 mai 1996) * Afrique du Sud. Gouvernement restreint Apres la sortie de la coalition gouvernementale du Parti national de Frederik De Klerk, Nelson Mandela a constitue un nouveau gouvernement. Le poste de deuxieme vice-president qu'occupait M. De Klerk a ete supprime; quatre nouveaux ministres remplaceront les six ministres blancs sortants. Un de ces quatres ministres est membre de l'Inkhata, le parti du grande rival de Mandela, M. Mangosuthu Buthelezi. Par contre, il n'y aura aucun ministre du parti d'extreme droite, le Front de la liberte, ni du Congres panafricain, communiste, ni du Parti democratique, liberal. Par ailleurs, lors d'un rassemblent, M. De Klerk a parle, dimanche 12 mai, de la commission Verite et Reconciliation comme d'une "grave erreur politique". (ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 14 mai 1996) * South Africa. De Klerk to wage economic crusade South Africa's National Party, newly released from the constraints of coalition government, announced on 10 May that it will focus on economic disciplines and morality issues. The party is keen to capitalise on positive talk from sections of the business community. While it will not officially withdraw until the end of next month, party officials have wasted no time in spelling out how they plan to take the fight to the ANC. On 14 May, the National Party announced it will be leaving eight of the country's nice provincial cabinets, remaining only in the Western Cape administration where it has a majority. (ANB-BIA, Brussels, 15 May 1996) * Algeria. Constitutional reforms Proposals by President Liamine Zeroual for constitutional reforms to try and end four years of conflict between government and Islamists were published on 12 May. Under the proposals, parties will be banned from campaigning under a Muslim banner. Islam is defined in the document as the heritage of the whole society "which must be excluded from the field of political competition and partisan antagonisms". Other proposals include the creation of a parliament with two legislative chambers, the introduction of the proportional representation system of voting, and the limiting of the president's tenure to one of five years in office. The Guardian, U.K., 13 May 1996) * Algerie. Reforme de la Constitution Le president Zeroual a publie, samedi 11 mai, un memorandum dans lequel il precise sa demarche politique pour les deux prochaines annees en proposant une serie de reformes institutionnelles. L'Algerie devrait connaitre avant la fin de l'annee une profonde revision de la Constitution, soumise a referendum, et de la loi sur les partis, qui doit definitivement bannir l'utilisation de l'islam a des fins politiques avant les legislatives de 1997. Cette loi conduira aussi a une reduction drastique du nombre des partis qui devront s'engager a rejeter la violence, directe comme indirecte, dans une reference, implicite, au Front islamique du Salut (FIS, dissous). Le president Liamine Zeroual a transmis samedi aux personnalites et aux principaux partis politiques ayant participe au dialogue ces dernieres semaines un memorandum directif de 22 pages fixant les grandes lignes des reformes. (Le Soir, Belgique, 13 mai 1996) * Burundi. Humanitarian situation In an UN Humanitarian Situration report, covering the period 6-11 May, it is reported that rebel attacks and violent clashes between armed insurgents and national forces are now generally concentrated in the central and northwestern provinces permitting a period of relative calm in the south. While tension remains high in the central province of Gitega, the World Food Programme has been able to implement evaluation missions in various areas of the province, and has succeeded in transporting some 110mt of food stocks to the area. Of particular note is the significant number of grenade attacks launched at school sites in Bujumbura, Bururi and Gitega. Five attacks were reportedly carried out between 5 and 7 May. Insecurity in the country has made itself most evident by the thousands of Burundian refugees pouring out of the country at both its east and west border areas. (The UN Humanit. Coordinator, Burundi, 14 May 1996) * Burundi. US officials in Burundi 8 May: US special envoy Richard Bogosian starts talks with Burundian government officials and leaders of the Tutsi-dominated army after reports of massacres of Hutus by the security forces. Bogosian, US coordinator for Rwanda and Burundi, said he will raise the issue of human rights in his meetings, which Western diplomats say underline Washington's concern about the explosive situation in Burundi. 12 May: John Shattuck, US Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights, Democracy and Labour is in Burundi to assess events. He says: "Our essential message is to stop violence and allow people in constitutional offices to carry out constitutional duties". (ANB-BIA, Brussels, 14 May 1996) * Burundi. Encore un gouverneur tue Le gouverneur de la province de Cibitoke, M. Mvutse Sylvestre, a ete assassine le 13 mai, dans une embuscade a Cibitoke meme. Il venait de quitter Bujumbura pour Cibitoke, ou il devait assister a une reunion avec les ministres zairois des Affaires etrangeres et de la Defense. Le gouverneur, membre du FRODEBU aurait du temoigner des exactions massives de l'armee a l'endroit des populations et surtout des assassinats de responsables hutu de sa province. Depuis le debut de la crise, le 21 octobre 1993, jusqu'a present, 18 parlementaires sur 65 du FRODEBU, 77 hauts cadres et 9 gouverneurs de province ont ete assassines. Le 9 mai, on a nomme un gouverneur militaire a la province de Karuzi, portant ainsi a 5 sur 15 le nombre de gouverneurs militaires. -- Le conseiller pour la securite nationale de Bill Clinton, Anthony Lake, en visite a Bujumbura, a repete l'opposition des Etats-Unis a une intervention etrangere. --Les dernieres informations sur le massacre du marche de Kivyuka "estiment" les victimes a 375 civils. (ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 15 mai 1996) * Cameroun. Conflit frontalier Le president Paul Biya a affirme vouloir un reglement pacifique du conflit frontalier qui oppose son pays au Nigeria. Cameroun et Nigeria, en effet, se disputent la presqu'ile de Bakassi, riche en petrole. Apres avoir ete recu par M. Chirac, jeudi 9 mai, a l'Elysee, M.Biya a declare n'avoir pas besoin de l'appel "a la plus grande retenue" lance, la veille, par la France, ajoutant: "Le Nigeria et le Cameroun sont des pays freres (...)On a tout pour s'entendre". Par ailleurs, quelque 80 soldats nigerians ont ete faits prisonniers par les forces camerounaises durant les affrontements des deux dernieres semaines. Un representant du gouvernement camerounais s'est rendu dans la capitale nigeriane pour tenter de regler le conflit. (D'apres AFP, France, 11-14 mai 1996) * Chad. Presidential election After 35 years of independence and 30 of civil war, Chad will hold its first pluralist election on 2 June. Once a warlord and now president, Idriss Deby is favoured to win, partly because the opposition will be split between fourteen presidential hopefuls. The Court of Appeal declared five others ineligible, including Adoum Maurice Hel Bongo, once President of the Sovereign National Conference, and Fidel Moungar, one of the three prime ministers during the transition period that began in May 1993. Deby has been forced to campaign hard and many factors are involved in Chad's economic, ethnic and religious complexities. (...) Chadians voted in a referendum on the new constitution last month. Of the 3.2 million registered, well over half voted, with some 1.2 million saying "Yes" and 700,000 saying "No". This not only enshrined multi-partyism but also Arabic as the second national language. This was regarded as a reasonably honest poll and is likely to help Deby. (Africa Confidential, U.K., 10 May 1996) * Congo. Election presidentielle Le president Pascal Lissouba a annonce le 4 mai, lors de la ceremonie d'installation de la commission nationale de recensement (CNR) chargee d'etablir les listes electorales, que la "prochaine election presidentielle aurait lieu le 18 juillet 1997", avec un second tour eventuel le 11 aout. La CNR, financee en partie par l'aide exterieure, est composee de representants du gouvernement, des partis politiques, de la societe civile et des bailleurs de fonds. L'election presidentielle aura lieu "sur la base de la Constitution issue du referendum de mars 1992 et de l'ancien decoupage electoral", a-t-il egalement affirme, en dementant les rumeurs sur une modification de la Constitution. Elu en aout 1992 lors de la premiere election presidentielle multipartite qu'a connue le pays, le president Lissouba verra son mandat expirer en aout 1997. Jusqu'a present, seuls lui-meme et l'ancien chef d'etat-major general des Forces armees, le general Jean Marie Michel Mokoko, ont annonce leur candidature. (D'apres Marches Tropicaux, France, 10 mai 1996) * Eritrea. Agreement with Yemen On 9 May, Yemeni Foreign Minister Abdul Karim al-Iriyani announced that France has invited Yemen and Eritrea to sign an agreement in Paris on 21 May on a peaceful settlement to their dispute over the three Red Sea islands of Greater Hanish, Lesser Hanish and Zuraq. The official Al-Wahda weekly quoted al-Iriyani as saying that "the signing of the Yemeni-Eritrean declaration- of-principles accord will be a crowning of the efforts that Yemen has been making since the crisis began, with the aim of maintaining its ties with Eritrea and sparing the region any more tension." He said the signing ceremony would be also attended by foreign ministers of Egypt and Ethiopia and a representative of UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Al-Iriyani praised France's mediating role and the perseverance and patience shown by French envoy Francis Gutman and envoys of other friendly countries, in bringing about the accord. (AFJN, Washington, 10 May 1996) * Ghana. Election presidentielle Kame Pianim, l'un des principaux rivaux potentiels de Jerry Rawlings pour l'election presidentielle prevue le 10 decembre, s'est vu condamner a l'ineligibilite pour le scrutin de decembre par la cour supreme du Ghana. Par trois voix contre deux, la cour a juge que M. Pianim, du Nouveau parti patriotique (NPP), etait ineligible pour avoir attente a la securite de l'Etat. Il avait ete condamne en aout 1983 pour avoir complote en vue de renverser le regime militaire du capitaine Jerry Rawlings, le Conseil provisoire national de defense (PNDC). M. Pianim a declare qu'il n'avait pas "l'intention de faire appel. J'accepte la decision de bonne foi, mais c'est un jour sombre pour le Ghana", a-t-il ajoute. Le NPP, principal parti d'opposition, presente donc sous sa banniere John Agyekum Kufuor. M.Kufuor, 57 ans, a remporte 52% des suffrages des quelque 2.000 delegues reunis en congres a Accra, devancant les cinq autres pretendants a l'investiture. Le NPP, qui a boycotte les dernieres elections legislatives, n'a pas de representant au Parlement. (Afrique Express, France, 2 mai 1996) * Liberia. Saga of the "Bulk Challenge" 5.: A ship, the "Bulk Challenge", leaves Monrovia with 3,500 refugees aboard. 12 May: The "Bulk Challenge" arrives in Takoradi, Ghana, from Cote d'Ivoire after urgent repairs. It is allowed to stay for four hours and then has to leave. Another small freighter with refugees aboard waits in Monrovia's harbour for permission to leave. 13 May: The "Bulk Challenge" is allowed back into Takoradi to take on medical supplies. About 100 passengers are allowed to disembark before the ship finally leaves port. Ghana says it does not want to encourage an exodus of refugees from Liberia because West African peacekeepers planned to make Monrovia a safe haven within the next couple of days. 14 May: Further news is received that the "Bulk Challenge" has turned back to Takoradi. The passengers are allowed to disembark and they are taken to a special camp. A smaller vessel, the "Victory Reefer" arrives in Sierra Leone with 900 refugees from Liberia. International aid agencies are now preparing for a mass exodus of desperate Liberians. (ANB-BIA, Brussels, 15 May 1996) * Niger. Referendum Environ 4,5 millions d'electeurs etaient appeles, dimanche 12 mai, a se prononcer par referendum sur un nouveau projet de constitution de type presidentiel. C'est la premiere etape d'un retour a une vie democratique normale promise par les militaires qui ont pris le pouvoir a la faveur d'un putsch, le 27 janvier dernier. Le nouveau projet a ete approuve par environ 90% des votants, mais le taux d'abstention atteint pres de 67%, selon des resultats partiels communiques lundi par la commission electorale. D'autre part, le Niger et le FMI ont signe, le 6 mai, une lettre d'intention pour un programme d'ajustement structurel renforce d'un montant de quelque 90 millions de dollars, a annonce, samedi le premier ministre. (ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 14 mai 1996) * Nigeria. Nnamdi Azikiwe -- "father of independent Nigeria" Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, who died on 14 April 1996, aged 91, was the father of independent Nigeria. Azikiwe was born in Zungeru, Northern Nigeria, into a world dominated by the British Empire. He was educated at the Church Missionary Society Central School, Onitsha; the Hope Waddell Training institute, Calabar; and the Methodist Boys High School. Then followed a varied career until eventually he made his way to the United States where he did further studies at Storer College, the University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. He taught political science in Lincoln University and returned to Africa with MA and MSc degrees. On his return to Nigeria in 1937, he founded the newspaper, The West African Pilot where he remained managing director for nearly 30 years. After a distinguished political career in Nigeria he became Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of Nigeria, and then the first president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria until 1996 when the military forced him out of power. (ANB-BIA, Brussels, 14 May 1995) * Rwanda/Former Yugoslavia. Tribunals lack support On the eve of the first trial before an international criminal court in half a century for war crimes and crimes against humanity in the former Yugoslavia, Amnesty International strongly criticises United Nations member states for not providing long- term support for the two ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Amnesty International says: "We are seriously concerned that the international community's failure to provide sufficient funding is undermining the Tribunals' work...This clearly shows a lack of political will -- it is simply not enough for the UN and its member states to pay lip service to their human rights commitments. (IRIN wire, 9 May 1996) * Rwanda/UN. Return of refugees According to UNHCR, during the month of April, 3,533 refugees returned to Rwanda through UNHCR assistance. This was a decrease of 27% compared to March figures. UNHCR reports that increased intimidation and administrative delays in organising visits by Rwandese Government officials to camps and by refugees to Rwanda were among the main reasons for the decrease, which was experienced in all the countries of asylum. However, repatriation increased slightly at the end of April when following a visit to their home communes, 434 refugees returned from Burundi on 30 April. The process of issuing new identity cards to all Rwandese citizens, which started in April 1996, is on-going. It is not clear to what extent the exercise will affect spontaneous repatriation i.e. refugees who return to Rwanda without UNHCR assistance. (UN Humanitarian Coord., Rwanda, 13 May 1996) * Sahara Occidental. Suspension du recensement? Le secretaire general de l'ONU, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, a recommande, jeudi 9 mai, la suspension du processus de recensement du corps electoral lie a la preparation du referendum au Sahara occidental "jusqu'a ce que les protagonistes apportent des preuves convaincantes montrant qu'ils etaient decides a la reprendre sans mettre de nouveaux obstacles". Dans un rapport au Conseil de securite, M.Boutros-Ghali a indique que les membres de la commission de recensement allaient etre retires a la fin du mois, et il a souhaite la prolongation du mandat de la Minurso (mission de l'ONU pour un referendum au Sahara Occidental) avec, cependant, une reduction de 20% de son effectif. (Le Monde, France, 11 mai 1996) * Tunisie. Inquietudes de la FIDH La Federation internationale des ligues des droits de l'homme (FIDH) s'est publiquement inquietee, samedi 11 mai, a Paris, de la disparition, vendredi, a Tunis, du directeur executif de l'Institut arabe des droits de l'homme (IADH), Frei Fenniche. Attendu vendredi soir a Montpellier, ou il devait participer a un colloque, M. Fenniche avait ete accompagne par des amis, en debut d'apres-midi, jusqu'a l'aeroport de Tunis-Carthage. Le dirigeant de l'IADH aurait ete arrete, a l'aeroport, vendredi 10, "par la police politique" du ministere de l'Interieur --dont on connait le zele en matiere d'interrogatoire -- et serait detenu au secret. Ses documents lui ont ete confisques. Selon certaines sources, M. Fenniche, accuse de detenir des documents "subversifs", devait etre presente, lundi, devant la justice. Mais, mardi, en fin de matinee, ni son entourage, ni ses avocats ne savaient de quel delit M. Fenniche aurait pu se rendre coupable. (Le Monde, France, 14-15 mai 1996) * Ouganda. Un nouveau groupe rebelle Apres l'Armee de resitance du Seigneur (LRA), un nouveau groupe de rebelles fait parler de lui. Le groupe, qui se presente comme l'Armee de liberation du peuple du Nil equatorial (ENPLA: La lance et le bouclier du peuple) se dit pret a lancer "une revolte militaire multi-dimensionnelle et sur tous les fronts". Il entend lutter pour l'etablissement d'un regime libre et democratique en Ouganda. Le chef de ce groupe serait un certain Obiara David Anjoti, et le porte-parole du mouvement Apa Muhangazima. L'ENPLA, qui se manifeste pour la premiere fois, aurait ete forme en juin 1994 et dit beneficier du soutien d'ouvriers, de paysans, etudiants et intellectuels. (Afrique Express, France, 2 mai 1996) * Uganda. Election details 9 May: Large numbers of Ugandans queued at polling stations in Kampala and voting began after delays as Uganda's first presidential election in 16 years got off to a slow start. International monitors at one polling station in an eastern suburb of the Ugandan capital said overall they were impressed by organisation for the poll. Police patrolled the main roads and some Local Defence Unit militiamen armed with AK-47 rifles were visible in some areas. "They started about 10 or so minutes late but the important thing is that everyone gets a chance to vote," said a Swedish election monitor at a polling station at Kasubi primary school. Late on the night of 8 May, election officials said that ballot papers had been sent to all the 15,992 polling stations in 39 districts in Uganda and they expected a high turnout for the first presidential poll since 1980. 10 May: Yoweri Museveni looks set for victory. Paul Ssemogerere, the opposition leader, says he wants a recount of ballots cast in Kampala and claims there has been widespread rigging. 11 May: President Museveni hails his victory as proof that his home-grown style of democracy is a success and vows to end the rebellion in the north. He receives 74.2% of votes cast. Paul Ssemogerere receives 23.7%. 12 May: Yoweri Museveni is worn in as President. The inauguration is attended by the leaders of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. (ANB-BIA, Brussels, 13 May 1996) * Zambia. Controversial constitution bill 8 May: Members of Zambia's main opposition party, the United National Independence Party (UNIP), walk out of parliament in protest against the refusal by government to withdraw the controversial constitution bill. The 23 opposition members of parliament, led by Patrick Mvunga, are also protesting against the citizenship clause requiring only Zambians with both parents born in Zambia to vie for the post of president of the country. If adopted, the clause will bar former President Kenneth Kaunda, the UNIP leader, from challenging incumbent President Frederick Chiluba. Kaunda had Malawian parents. 9 May: President Chiluba stresses that there is no political crisis in Zambia over the adoption of the draft constitution. (ANB-BIA, Brussels, 10 May 1996) * Zaire. Le monastere de Mokoto, pille Seize moines trappistes ont du fuir, samedi 12 mai, leur monastere de Mokoto, a l'est du Zaire, qui a ete pille depuis. Dans l'eglise de la paroisse qu'ils ont quittee, avaient trouve refuge 800 Tutsi, menaces par un groupe de 200 a 300 jeunes armes de machettes et de grenades. La communaute etait installee depuis 1954 dans ce site isole au coeur du Kivu, frontalier avec le Rwanda. La region avaient accueilli plus d'un million de refugies hutu apres le genocide de 1994. La situation n'a cesse d'empirer, degenerant en conflits violents entre refugies rwandais et populations locales. Le monastere de Mokoto etait menace, plusieurs moines dont le prieur, le P. Dhelo, etant d'origine tutsi. Deux religieux francais, le Fr. Pierre et le P. Victor, viennent de Tamie. Sains et saufs, les moines ont trouve refuge pres de Goma. (ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 13-14 mai 1996) @TIT_INF_1 = @TIT_INF_2 = AFRIQUE Titre: Ces Congolais qui epousent le bouddhisme Source: Jeune Afr. Econ., 6 mai 1996 Auteur: Dalphine Marie Description: Dans un temple buddhiste pres de Pretoria, une vingtaine de jeunes Congolais se preparent a devenir moines. Le bouddhisme cherche a prendre pied en terre africaine, ou se durcit la lutte entre la Chine et Taiwan. @TIT_INF_2 = BURUNDI Title: Humanitarian Situation Report. 6-11 May 1996 Source: UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs. 14 May. (Please quote when ordering). Description: The Report states that rebel attacks and violent clashes between armed insurgents and national forces are now generally concentrated in the central and northwest provinces. It deals with recent attacks; the situation of Rwandan/Burundian refugees; humanitarian activities. @TIT_INF_2 = SOUTH AFRICA Title: South Africa's Truth Commission Source: APIC, 10 May 1996 (Please quote when ordering) Description: South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission convened its first hearings on 15 April 1996. This document summarizes the history and the key issues confronting the Truth Commission. Title: Truth and Reconciliation Commission Source: Truth and Reconciliation Commission Summary 6-12 May 1996 (Please quote when ordering) Description: What actually takes place during the Commission's hearings? The Summary lists the subjects covered during the period 6-12 May. @TIT_INF_2 = ZAIRE Title: Situation Report on Masisi and Rutshuru, North Kivu, Zaire Source: IRIN, 10 May 1996 (Please quote when ordering) Description: During March and April there have been a number of significant developments relating to the conflict in Masisi zone of North Kivu, eastern Zaire. This report describes these developments and follows a recent UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs assessment mission to Masisi and Rutshuru. COUNTRY