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WEEKLY NEWS ISSUE of: 27-04-2000
PART #3/3 - From SOMALIA to ZIMBABWE
* Somalie. LEthiopie accusée dingérence Le 25 avril, le chef de guerre somalien Hussein Mohamed Aïdid a accusé lEthiopie dentraîner une milice dans le sud de la Somalie pour combattre dans les régions de la Basse et la Moyenne Juba (sud). Dans un communiqué au nom de son mouvement, lAlliance nationale somalienne, Aïdid accuse larmée éthiopienne dentraîner dans la ville de Wajid, à 350 km au sud-ouest de Mogadiscio, et de fournir du matériel logistique à son rival Mohamed Hirsi Morgan en vue dattaquer ces deux provinces du sud. (La Libre Belgique, 26 avril 2000)
* South Africa. Mbekis combative style South Africas President Thabo Mbekis blunt questioning of the effectiveness of widely accepted AIDS treatment has reinforced his popular image in South Africa as a restless intellectual who is deeply suspicious of all but his closest advisers. Few things have gone unquestioned in Mbekis nearly year-old presidency, during which his combative temperament has altered the countrys political personality. The AIDS controversy was brought into sharp relief this week, when a letter Mbeki wrote to President Clinton and other heads of state on 4 April came to light. In it, Mbeki said Africans should map their own response to AIDS, which is devastating sub-Saharan Africa. Mbeki suggested that South Africans should take into account dissident scientific views on the causes and treatment of the disease including the assertion, rejected by virtually all public health professionals, that HIV does not cause AIDS and that treatment with drugs such as AZT does more harm than good. Mbeki assailed the «intellectual intimidation and terrorism» of foreign critics of his approach. (Washington Post, 21 April 2000)
* South Africa. Land-hungry South African blacks «Give us the land or well take it». The cry that has become familiar in the last two months as landless blacks invade hundreds of farms in Zimbabwe, is now being heard in South Africa. Frustration at the snail-like pace of land reform, has prompted some groups to threaten to follow their neighbours example. The threats have been described as «extremely dangerous» by the police, who warned potential invaders not to take the law into their own hands. «The public order police is on standby for any illegal occurrence and will act if necessary». (Financial Times, UK, 22-23 April 2000)
* South Africa. Jiangs historic visit 24 April: Chinese President Jiang Zemin has arrived in South Africa for a four-day state visit. During his trip, he will meet President Mbeki and members of the South African cabinet. He will also sign a number of bilateral trade agreements. China has a long history of involvement and investment in Africa, and South Africa is its most important trading partner on the continent. This is, however, the first time that Chinese head of state has visited the country. (BBC News, 24 April 2000)
* Afrique du Sud/Chine. Partenariat Le 25 avril, le président chinois Jiang Zemin, en visite en Afrique du Sud, et le président sud-africain Thabo Mbeki ont paraphé à Pretoria un acte bilatéral scellant un partenariat stratégique qui engage les deux pays à un soutien diplomatique mutuel dans leurs efforts pour créer un nouvel ordre international politique et économique. La déclaration préconise notamment le maintien des principes de légalité souveraine et de la non-ingérence dans les affaires intérieures des autres pays. Pretoria reconnaît aussi que Taiwan fait partie intégrante de la Chine. Les ministres sud-africains et chinois ont signé six accords sur la coopération policière, le transport maritime, la coopération phyto-sanitaire, la santé animale et la quarantaine, les arts et la culture, ainsi que les problèmes de doubles taxes dans les échanges. (ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 26 avril 2000)
* Sudan. President halts most air raids on south 19 April: President al-Bashir has suspended most aid raids on rebel-held parts of southern Sudan. The move follows international criticism of Khartoums conduct of the war. The pro-government newspaper, Alwan says the President has urged the international community to press the rebel Sudan Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA) not to operate from civilian areas. (MSBC News, 19 April 2000)
* Soudan. Visas pour diplomates américains Le gouvernement soudanais a accordé des visas dentrée au Soudan à trois diplomates américains. Washington y avait fermé son ambassade à Khartoum en 1996, à la suite des sanctions imposées au Soudan pour son refus de livrer les auteurs présumés dun attentat manqué contre le président égyptien Moubarak en 1995. En 1997, les Etats-Unis avaient envoyé, par rotation, du personnel diplomatique à Khartoum. Cette présence avait été suspendue en 1998 après les attentats anti-américains de Nairobi et Dar es-Salaam. Récemment, le président soudanais avait affirmé que son pays était disposé à renouer avec les Etats-Unis. (La Libre Belgique, 20 avril 2000)
* Swaziland. Journalism situation in murky waters Swazilands journalism situation continues to be having problems. Exactly two months after the closure of The Swazi Observer and the sacking of 31 workers from the Swaziland Television Authority, the only Swazi-owned independent newsmagazine, The Nation, has been served by the lawyer of Douglas Loffler, proprietor and publisher of the Times of Swaziland Newspapers Group, with an injunction compelling the Swaziland Independent Publishers to remove from sale all issues of the magazine. According to Peter R. Dunseith, Douglas Lofflers lawyer, the independent publishers have contravened the 1912 Copyright Act No.36, Section 8, by publishing certain photographs in the April 2000 edition without his clients authority or consent and without credit given to the owner. Asked for a comment, the managing editor of The Nation, Cyprian Tsabedze, wonders why the publisher of The Times wants to stop them from using material from freelancers. He explains that as a young Swazi-owned magazine, The Nation relies on pictures and stories from contributors. Three years ago, The Nation was founded by a group of young professional journalists (including this writer) and a chartered accountant. Owing to its high quality and in-depth analysis, The Nation has become a force to be reckoned with in the countrys media industry. (Vuyisile Hlatshwayo, Swaziland, 18 April 2000)
* Togo. Reprise du dialogue Le 25 avril, la Mouvance présidentielle et lopposition ont repris les discussions visant à résoudre la crise politique dans le pays, a rapporté lAFP. Ces discussions, au sein dune commission paritaire formée pour peaufiner les accords conclus par les deux parties en juillet 1999, sont essentiellement centrées sur la composition dune commission électorale indépendante. Les discussions avaient été suspendues en janvier dernier, mais suite à la promulgation dun nouveau code électoral, lopposition a déclaré quil ny avait plus dobstacle à la reprise du dialogue. (IRIN, Abidjan, 26 avril 2000)
* Tunisia. Journalist leaves hospital A Tunisian journalist, who has been on hunger strike for the past three weeks, has returned home from hospital after being admitted on 24 April. Mr Taoufiq Ben Brik is protesting against the confiscation of his passport. A judge is questioning Mr Ben Brik about articles seen as hostile to the Tunisian authorities which he wrote for foreign publications, and has barred him from leaving the country. The Tunisian authorities have so far failed to comment on Mr Ben Briks hunger strike. He has told the French news agency that he intends to continue with his hunger strike. (BBC News, 26 April 2000)
* Tunisie. Ben Brik: grève de la faim 24 avril. Au 21e jour de sa grève de la faim, le journaliste tunisien Taoufik Ben Brik, correspondant du quotidien français La Croix et de deux agences de presse, a été transféré dans un hôpital de la banlieue de Tunis. Un bilan signé de cinq médecins avait ordonné son hospitalisation après quil eut perdu 18 kg. M. Ben Brik a cependant répété quil irait jusquau bout de ses forces et quil était déterminé à poursuivre son mouvement jusquà la satisfaction dune partie au moins de ses revendications: la restitution de son passeport, le rétablissement de sa ligne téléphonique et la fin du harcèlement dont il est la cible, ainsi que sa famille. A Tunis, le RCD, parti au pouvoir, sest étonné de lappel lancé par le Parti socialiste français sur la situation du journaliste et pour que soit mis fin aux violations graves et systématiques des droits de lhomme et des libertés fondamentales en Tunisie. - Le 25 avril au soir, M. Ben Brik a quitté lhôpital à sa demande et a été ramené chez lui à bord dune ambulance. Une délégation de journalistes, français notamment, venus le voir le lendemain, a été dispersée violemment devant son domicile. (ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 27 avril 2000)
* Uganda. «Habyarimana tried to bring back Obote» President Museveni yesterday revealed that deceased presidents Mobutu of Zaire and Habyarimana of Rwanda tried to force Amin and Obote back to power but he fought them, reports Anne Mugisa. Museveni said Amin and Obote with other rebel groups tried to destabilise Uganda but the Movement government fought them. The President was launching the Mubende district referendum campaign at Mityana. He urged thousands of people who gathered at the sub-county to vote for the Movement and consolidate the developments they have achieved. «Mobutu, Habyarimana, Kony, Lakwena, and others tried to bring back the dictatorial governments we had ousted. But they failed because we fought them. That is because we are firm and are aided by the will of the people,» Museveni said. (The New Vision, Uganda, 15 April 2000)
* Ouganda. Reddition dun haut cadre de lADFplain D Le chef détat-major du mouvement Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) se serait rendu à larmée ougandaise dans lest du Congo-RDC. Je peux confirmer que le chef de létat-major de lADF, connu sous le pseudonyme de Benz, sest rendu à nos forces, a indiqué le 20 avril le porte-parole de larmée. Le commandant Benz qui, selon certaines sources, était le commandant suprême de lADF, est le premier haut cadre rebelle à se rendre aux autorités ougandaises. On ne sait encore avec précision sil sest rendu dans le cadre de la loi damnistie récemment votée par le Parlement. Dautre part, selon le dernier rapport dOCHA, si certaines informations indiquent que la sécurité dans louest de lOuganda sest améliorée depuis décembre et janvier derniers, les attaques des rebelles continuent et il serait plutôt trompeur de penser que linsécurité est moindre. Certaines organisations humanitaires sont retournées à Bundibugyo, dautres attendent, indique le rapport. Les ONG étudient aussi avec grande prudence la possibilité dintensifier leurs activités à Kasese et Kabarole. (IRIN, Nairobi, 20 avril 2000)
* Zambia. Malnutrition on the rise 18 April: Poverty and low agricultural productivity have increased malnutritional levels among Zambias rural households, with many forced to survive on less than three meals a day. An official of the WFP says it is currently involved in supplementary feeding programmes for 100,000 people, most of whom are women and children, as well as tuberculosis victims. The WFP supplies high protein food, beans and maize through rural clinics. According to government statistics, 70% of Zambian households are unable to meet their basic nutritional requirements. (IRIN, Southern Africa, 18 April 2000)
* Zambia. Diamond smuggling trade thrives The ban on trade in diamonds from territory held by UNITA, has not stopped foreign visitors coming to the remote north-western corner of Zambia. They pose as botanists, butterfly collectors or even preachers, but what they are really interested in is diamonds. Some smugglers are Angolan civilians, who walk great distances to the border to sell one or two small gems. Others are UNITA officers, looking for supplies or funds to support their families. A UN report last month found that many African countries are paying only lip-service to the sanctions regime. It said Zambia was being used as a channel for diamond and fuel smuggling. It also named the countrys security chief, Xavier Chungu, as having regular contacts with a senior UNITA source, and said that UNITA personnel were present in Zambia with the knowledge and protection of the authorities. (BBC News, 19 April 2000)
* Zambie. Fuite des médecins Quelque 57 médecins zambiens ont quitté le pays depuis le déclenchement, il y a 4 mois, de la grève des jeunes médecins qui se poursuit encore à ce jour, a-t-on appris le 25 avril. Le président de lassociation des médecins résidents, M. Tembo, a indiqué que les médecins avaient quitté le pays malgré eux et quils seraient disposés à rentrer si les autorités acceptaient daméliorer leur situation. M. Tembo sest plaint aussi de linitiative du gouvernement de recruter davantage de médecins cubains et chinois. Selon lui, plus de 150 médecins cubains et 39 médecins chinois ont été recrutés. M. Tembo fustige les dépenses énormes pour les logements des médecins étrangers, alors que huit médecins zambiens ont été expulsés de leur logement au cours du mois dernier dans la seule ville de Lusaka. Ce pays ne pourra jamais se développer si lon continue détouffer les professionnels zambiens au profit des étrangers, a ajouté M. Tembo. (PANA, 25 avril 2000)
* Zimbabwe. Land A confused issue President Robert Mugabes point of view: In a land where farming is the single largest generator of foreign exchange, nearly a third of Zimbabwes most productive farmland remains in the hands of 4,5000 white farmers, and almost half of all land is owned by the countrys 70,000 whites. Veterans point of view: The leader of Zimbabwes «veterans» movement, Chenjerai Hunzvi, says he will not allow elections until the issue of land ownership has been resolved. He has promised an end to violence in exchange for co-operation on plans to transfer white-owned land to blacks. He has declared that he is concerned only with land and that occupied farms will be evacuated only when progress has been made on a resettlement programme. White farmers point of view: They are adamant in their demands for full compensation. And for most white farmers, there is an immediate problem. Having fled their farms, their tobacco crop is still in their sheds, not yet graded for the big sales. There are other disincentives to an early sale of the tobacco crop in an auction that last until October. Chief is the governments deafness to repeated calls from all sectors of industry for a devaluation of the Zim dollar in response to economic deterioration. Without that, farmers will be forced to sell at enormous loss. One farmers says: «Political instability and economic slump mean many of us will have to play a game of wait and see». British point of view: Britain has said it is ready to negotiate a land reform settlement that will end the crisis in Zimbabwe. The deal will involve millions of pounds worth of British support for the transfer of farming land to impoverished black Zimbabweans, but will only go ahead if the current wave of farm occupations and violence is stopped and fair elections are held. The Churches point of view: The Zimbabwe Council of Churches has reaffirmed its mandate to advocate for justice, peace and reconciliation. The Opposition point of view: Following the deaths in recent days of five party activists of the Movement for Democractic Change (MDC), party leader Morgan Tsvangirai says: «We believe that as MDC that the time has come when, in the face of these attacks and without protection, it is certainly a moment when the MDC will have to devise strategies to defend ourselves». (ANB-BIA, Brussels, 26 April 2000)
* Zimbabwe. Violent unrest and its consequences 18 April: Nigerias Foreign Minister arrives to deliver a message to President Mugabe from Niberias President Obasanjo. 19 April: The High Court has found the war veterans leader, Chenjerai Hunzvi, in contempt of court for inciting illegal occupation of white-owned farms. he was found in «clear and wilful contempt» for disobeying a court order last month, and is given a 5 May deadline to instruct his followers to end their illegal occupations or face imprisonment. Immediately after the verdict, leaders of the white commercial farmers and the war veterans went straight to President Mugabes residence for crisis talks. The Commercial Farmers Union director, David Hasluck and the Zimbabwe Tobacco Association leader, Richard Tate, both failed to have a meeting with the President. Tate was asked to leave and Hasluck was turned away. The squatters leaders promise to negotiate with the farmers and end the violence. 21 April: African leaders, at a regional summit held at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, back President Mugabes call for land redistribution. The regional summit, supposedly to chew over the war in Congo RDC, was hijacked by the host countrys cash crisis. 24 April: New reports from the north-east of violence by war veterans and government supporters. The situation is extremely confused. Some white farmers have returned to their properties they left last week in the Macceke area, but incidents of violence and intimidation by government supporters have been reported in Mvurwi, in the north-east, Glendale, close to Harare, and Wedza, east of the city. - Members of the Commercial Farmers Union hold talks with the leaders of the veterans in a fresh bid to curb violence. 25 April: Two more members of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) are reported as being killed. MDC spokesman Nomore Sibanda says one man was beaten to death in Shamva, about 80 kms northeast of Harare, on 24 April, and another was killed in the city. Amnesty International says that «politically motivated violence, is deliberately targeting opposition political activists and farming communities in rural areas». Over 300 white farmers have sought information on purchasing land in neighbouring Mozambique. A four-man Zimbabwean ministerial delegation has left for UK for talks on the land issue. 26 April: The major tobacco growers in Zimbabwe have boycotted a tobacco auction that is normally vital to the countrys economy, because of violent unrest over land reform. Only half the usual quantity of the crop was up for sale: a marketing spokesman said the status of this years export crop was unclear, and the disruption had already cost millions of dollars. Zimbabwe is the worlds third largest tobacco producer and the crop is its main export. In an attempt to defuse the tense situation, the Zimbabwe Council of Churches is organising a breakfast meeting of the countrys political parties. (ANB-BIA, Brussels, 26 April 2000)
* Zimbabwe. Violences 19 avril. Les chefs des squatters qui occupent des centaines de fermes appartenant à des propriétaires blancs, ont promis de négocier avec les fermiers et de mettre fin aux violences, mais aucun accord na encore été trouvé. Chenjerai Hunzvi, leader des anciens combattants de la guerre dindépendance qui font partie des squatters, a cependant déclaré: Nous sommes daccord sur la nécessité darrêter les hostilités et de travailler pour trouver une solution. Pour la première fois aussi, Hunzvi a admis que le climat pré-électoral nest pas étranger aux troubles. - Le 21 avril, les chefs dEtat et émissaires de sept pays africains (Afrique du Sud, Namibie, Angola, Mozambique, Ouganda, Rwanda et Zimbabwe) se sont retrouvés à Victoria Falls, à un sommet régional placé sous les auspices de la Communauté de développement dAfrique australe, pour tenter denrayer la crise qui risque davoir des conséquences graves sur la stabilité de la région et sur son économie. Mais le président Mugabe avait fait savoir quil ne tolérerait pas de pressions de la part de ses homologues. Le sommet a appelé la Grande-Bretagne et les donateurs internationaux à financer la réforme agraire au Zimbabwe, se gardant bien de critiquer le président Mubage. - Le 22 avril, la Grande-Bretagne a réaffirmé ses conditions de financement de la réforme agraire, notamment la transparence des élections, la fin de la violence et le retour à la légalité. Par ailleurs, le président du syndicat des fermiers blancs a accusé les squatters davoir choisi une nouvelle tactique en attaquant les ouvriers agricoles noirs; plusieurs de leurs logements ont été incendiés. Le soir du même jour, un attentat à la bombe sest produit dans le centre de Harare, visant les locaux dun journal indépendant zimbabwéen, le Daily News, lancé en 1999 pour concurrencer le quotidien gouvernemental The Herald. - Le 23 avril, des anciens combattants ont envahi deux autres fermes appartenant à des Blancs, et dans la nuit ils en ont encore envahi une troisième, incendié des granges et tué le bétail. Des assaillants ont aussi, pour la première fois, mis le feu à la récolte de tabac dune ferme à lest de Harare, sattaquant ainsi symboliquement à la principale source de devises du pays. - Le 25 avril, un porte-parole du Mouvement pour le changement démocratique (MDC), qui rassemble les adversaires de Mugabe, a annoncé que deux de ses représentants avaient été tués par des adhérents du parti gouvernemental ZANU-PF. Les meurtres ont eu lieu à Shamba (80 km au nord-est de Harare) et à Mhangura, un petit centre minier. A Shamba, dautres membres de lopposition ont été sévèrement battus. Le bilan des meurtres, depuis le début des occupations des exploitations agricoles, sélève déjà à neuf. Lopposition semble maintenant être devenue la véritable cible du pouvoir. - Ce 27 avril, le Zimbabwe et la Grande-Bretagne renoueront le dialogue; une rencontre ministérielle est prévue visant à discuter de tous les problèmes auxquels est confronté le Zimbabwe. (ANB-BIA, de sources diverses, 27 avril 2000)